Life skills can be considered as a set of abilities that provide the ground for adaptation and positive and useful behavior. Therefore, due to the importance of addressing an important issue such as life skills in sports, the present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the coaching life skills questionnaire in order to standardize this tool in the country. The present study is one of the applied researches and tool development which was field-based in terms of data collection and non-experimental in terms of controlling variables. For this purpose, 370 sports coaches in Tehran were randomly selected (available) and completed a questionnaire. After the translation-re-translation technique and confirmation of the face validity of the questionnaire by three experts, the initial review of the questionnaire was performed to eliminate minor problems. Confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation model, internal consistency of the questionnaire, Bernbach's alpha coefficient and correlation coefficient using test-retest were used to determine the validity of the factor structure of the questionnaire. The results showed that the coaching life skills questionnaire in sports was approved. The questionnaire also had the indicators of absolute fitness, internal consistency and acceptable stability, which indicated good validity and reliability. The results showed that the selected references for measuring the components of coaching life skills in sports have the necessary validity and can well assess the life skills of coaching in sports..

The present paper seeks to validate Classroom Emotions Scale for senior high school students in Qom. The participants were 342 students in grades two and three of human sciences course, who were selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling. All of them completed the Classroom Emotions scale designed by Titsworth et al, and Pekrun's Achievement Emotions Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validities were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's Alpha model. The results of confirmatory factor analysis show that a three-component structure including emotion support, emotion work, and emotion valance has acceptable fitness. Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale and subscales was at an acceptable level. The evidence for convergent validity has been obtained from the positive relationship of subscales of emotion support and emotion valance with classroom positive emotions including enjoyment and hopefulness in classroom, and from the positive relationship of subscale of emotion work with classroom negative emotions including anger, shame, anxiety, hopelessness and weariness. The evidence for divergent validity has also been obtained from the negative relationship of subscales of emotion support and emotion valance with classroom negative emotions including anger, shame, anxiety, hopelessness and weariness; and from the negative relationship of subscale of emotion work with classroom positive emotions including enjoyment and hopefulness in classroom. The results show that the Persian version of Classroom Emotions Scale has acceptable psychometric characteristics among the sample students, and it can be used as a valid instrument in psychological studies and surveys.

Introduction: Sleep is an important part of human life. Sleep disorders are very common and have direct and indirect impacts on other aspects of life. Detection of sleep disorders is very important and needs the appropriate tools. This study was aimed to determine the psychometric properties of questionnaire on sleep disorders.Materials and Methods: Using correlation statistical method, the sleep condition of 500 students from Garmsar University was evaluated by psychometric properties of the sleep questionnaire.Results: The reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha was 0.79. Exploratory factor analysis for Validity revealed that 61% of the variance in scores of questions about sleep disorders could be explained by the scale. After varimax rotation, two major forms of sleep disorders, insomnia and hypersomnia, were identified. Confirmatory factor analysis of indicators of structural equation model for validity showed that the model is fitted to the data.Conclusion: This questionnaire can be used for measurement and screening of sleep disorders for both research and treatment proposes.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Moral Identity Scale, and questionnaires on moral sensitivity and moral image. They were administered on 291 students (165 girls and 117 boys) of the Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch. To do exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with different samples, the data were divided into two groups with 141 students in each group. Principal component analysis, using data related to one of the sample groups, confirmed two-factor structure of moral identity (symbolization and internalization). The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the above factor structure. The coefficients of correlation between the moral image questionnaire, moral sensitivity, and moral identity scales indicated the concurrent validity of the scale. Cronbach's alpha for the symbolization and internalization were 0.82 and 0.86 respectively. The results of the present study, in sum, identified the Moral Identity Scale as an ideal psychometric tool to measure moral identity of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch students.

Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor analysis of the Snyder Hope Scale.Method: A correlational method employed.371 (276 women and 95 men) participants were selected from a population of undergraduate students comprising of 6970 individuals studying in Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran during the academic year 2008 –2009. Sampling was done via multiple stage cluster sampling. Research tools consisted of Snyder’s Hope Scale (1991), Zimet's Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (1988), Maholice and Crumbaugh's Meaning in Life Test (1964), and Mohamadifar's Suicide Ideation (2005). Data was analyzed using Factor analysis, correlation tests and reliability coefficients.Results: Result of factor analysis showed that Snyder's Hope Scale consisted of two factors which were labeled agency and pathways. the concurrent validity was measured by correlating the scores of the Hope Scale with those of Suicide Ideation Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Meaning in Life Test. Result showed that there was a significant negative correlation between hope and suicide ideation and a significant positive relationship between hope and social support and meaning in life. Furthermore, results showed Cronbach's alpha for the Hope Scale to be 0.86 and test-retest reliability was 0.81.Conclusion: Snyder’s Hope Scale can be considered to be a valid and reliable measure in an Iranian student population and may be considered for use in clinical and research settings for assessment, preparing participants for therapy and prevention.

Introduction: Adaptation to critical situations and psychological trauma is considered as one of the issues which has attracted a lot of attention. Thus, designing a reliable and valid scale for the studies conducted in Iran is inevitable. The present study aimed to design the Persian version of the Psychological Adaptation Scale and evaluate its psychometric feature. Method: The sample included 233 parents having children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Tehran who were selected based on convenience sampling method. The Persian version of the Psychological Adaptation Scale was performed after translating, back-translating and revising, and was given to the subjects along with the Resilience and Depression, Anxiety, Stress questionnaires. The construct validity of the scale was investigated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent and divergent validity were evaluated by using Pearson correlation. Regarding the reliability, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and coefficient theta were used. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated three factors of experience, deliberation and social integration and the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fitness of the model. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the obtained factors and the Resilience and Depression, Anxiety, Stress scales, which confirm the convergent and divergent validity of the Psychological Adaption Scale. The reliability of the scale was calculated by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 95 for the whole scale, and 0. 86-0. 94 for its factors. Further, it ranged 0. 87 to 0. 93 for the composite reliability of the factors and 0. 94 for coefficient theta for the whole scale. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study indicated that the Persian version of Psychological Adaptation Scale includes three factors, which has appropriate reliability and validity for application in psychological studies conducted for Iranian samples.

Introduction: The complete mental health model, using medical and capability models, evaluates the level of mental health of individuals based on the severity of symptoms of illness and signs of well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the short form of complete mental health scale and to provide empirical evidence for using the total score of this scale. Method: This study is a descriptive-analytical study of validation type. The statistical sample consisted of 600 student-teachers from Tehran who were selected by available sampling method and completed the Complete Mental Health Scale, Psychological Wellbeing Scale and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of three factors that explain 61. 781% of total variance of the scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis, in addition to confirming the results of exploratory factor analysis, showed that among the competing models, the bi-factor model shows the factor structure of the scale better than other models. And the bi-factor model was suggested as an experimental witness for using the total score scale. The reliability of the scale was obtained by Cronbach's alpha and retesting methods of 0. 84 and 0. 82, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study showed that this scale has appropriate psychometric properties in the non-clinical group and the total score can be used.

The aim of this research was to study the congruence of school readiness test with First Step Test (FST) scores. A stratified sample of 110 were selected out of newly entered students in Shahrekord elementary schools in 2001, and their educational achievement and the relation it had with FST scores were examined. The analysis of variance, regression and Pealson correlation showed that FST scores were correlated with School Readiness Test scores. The regression of achievement scores through the three cognitive, lingual and motor scores according to F- test is meaningful. According to the R the common variance for FST and Educational Achievement is 24 percent and higher in lingual side. There is also meaningful correlation between First Step sub-tests, and it also enjoys an internal consistency. Further more, the cognitive skills sub-tests of FST are correlated with reading achievement and lingual skills sub- test with Math achievement meaning filly. The general analysis indicates that FST can differentiate normal, learning delayed and disabled students, and FST is reliable to be used to measure school readiness of children.